Fonte: El Periplo Sustentable; Núm. 47 (2024): Número cuarenta y siete; 154 - 177
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Resumo: Ecotourism has been promoted worldwide as a conservation and sustainable development strategy, particularly in Mexico its implementation was made official in the 1990s by the Ministry of Tourism, promoting the use of protected natural areas. Since then, an exhaustive review of its implementation has not been carried out, therefore, this research arose with the objective of analyzing the state of knowledge of ecotourism in Biosphere Reserves (RB) of Mexico and the problems associated with management. In order to accomplish this, a systematic review was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology. The process began with a search of a set of words: “Biosphere Reserve” and ecotourism and Mexico (in Spanish and English) in three bibliographic databases (Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar). 14,708 records were found that concern the period from 1997 to 2022. Subsequently, they were filtered through inclusion and exclusion criteria, reducing the set to 85 articles, which were included for content analysis. The main result was, that the studies have been approached from seven thematic lines (impact assessment, tourism planning and management, ecological preservation, tourism development, territorialization and appropriation of space, community organization models, and sustainable development) under 30 multidisciplinary approaches. ; At the same time, a set of 51 problems derived from unplanned ecotourism management were identified, the most frequent being: management of service providers, coordination and linkage, distribution of benefits, territorialization and transformation of space, and deforestation. . With this leading thought on mind, the institutions involved and academia are urged to evolve in the study of ecotourism in an integral approach towards the evaluation of the impacts in order to guide decision-making towards the paradigm of sustainability, which has been insufficiently addressed in the study of ecotourism in RB.
